SECTION 1 Time - 30 minutes
38 Questions Directions:
Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
1. Nonviolent demonstrations often create such ten- sions that a community that has constantly refused to ------- its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be -------.
(A) acknowledge..ignored
(B) decrease..verified
(C) tolerate..accepted
(D) address..eliminated
(E) explain..discussed
2. Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated between ------- and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary -------.
(A) dismissal..admirers
(B) adoration. .contemporaries
(C) disapprpval..readers
(D) indifference..followers
(E) approbation..precursors
3. There are, as yet, no vegetation types or ecosystems whose study has been ------- to the extent that they no longer ------- ecologists.
(A) perfected..hinder
(B) exhausted..interest
(C) prolonged..require
(D) prevented..challenge
(E) delayed..benefit
4. Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the National lnstitutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for which ------- treatments are unsatisfactory.
(A) similar
(B) most
(C) dangerous
(D) uncommon
(E) alternative
5. It was her view that the country's problems had been ------- by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.
(A) foreseen
(B) attacked
(C) ascertained
(D) exacerbated
(E) analyzed
6. Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible -------: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.
(A) sincerity
(B) efficiency
(C) virtuosity
(D) rapidity
(E) energy
7. The actual ------- of Wilson's position was always ------- by his refusal to compromise after having initially agreed to negotiate a settlement.
(A) outcome..foreshadowed
(B) logic..enhanced
(C) rigidity..betrayed
(D) uncertainty..alleviated
(E) cowardice..highlighted
Directions: In each of the foiiowing questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.
8. SEDATTVE : DROWSlNESS ::
(A) epidemic : contagiousness
(B) vaccine : virus
(C) laxative : drug
(D) anestheiic : numbness
(E) therapy : psychosis
9.LAWYER:COURTROOM::
(A) participant : team
(B) commuter : train
(C) gladiator : arena
(D) senator : caucus
(E) patient : ward
10. CURIOSITY : KNOW ::
(A) temptation : conquer
(B) starvation : eat
(C) wanderlust : travel
(D) humor : laugh
(E) survival : live
11. FRUGAL : MISERLY ::
(A) confident : arrogant
(B) courageouss : pugnacious
(C) famous : aggressive
(D) rash : foolhardy
(E) quiet : timid
12. ANTIDOTE : POISON ::
(A) cure : recovery
(B) narcotic : sleep
(C) stimulant : relapse
(D) tonic : lethargy
(E) resuscitation : breathing
13. STYGIAN.: DARK ::
(A) abysmal : low
(B) cogent : contentious
(C) fortuitous.: accidental
(D) reckless : threatening
(E) cataclysmic : doomed
14. WORSHIP : SACRIFICE ::
(A) generation : pyre
(B) burial : mortuary
(C) weapon : centurion
(D) massacre : invasion
(E) prediction : augury
15. EVANESCENT : DISAPPEAR :
(A) tlansparent : penetrate
(B) onerous : struggle
(C) feckless : succeed
(D) illusory : exist
(E) pliant : yield
16. UPBRAlD : REPROACH ::
(A) dote : like
(B) lal: : stray
(C) vex : please
(D) earn : desire
(E) recast : explain
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
lt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation. the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solaractivity cycle, to terrescrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example. the sunspot cycle and the allied rnagnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainhll. temperature, and winds. lnvariably, however, the relation is weak. and commonly ofdubious statistical significance. Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodcities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil recoras of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solaractivity cycle, or even to contirm the cycle's past existenue. If consistant and reliable geolsgigal~-arek-xologieal evidence tracing the solaractivity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, chere are two models of solar activity. The tirst supposes that the Sun's internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo. a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. ln short. the Sun's large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solaractivity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall changc for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanarion supposes that the Sun's large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model. the solar mechanism dependent on the Sun's magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solaractivity cycle uvuld be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.
17. The author focuses primarily on
(A) presenting two competing scientific theories concerning solar activity and evaluating geological evidence often cited to support them
(B) giving a brief overview of some recent scientifrc developments in s'olar physics and assessing their impact on future climatological research
(C) discussing the difficulties involved in linkinl: ter- restrial phenomena with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue could have an impact on our understanding of solar physics
(D) pointing out the futility of a certain line of sci- entific inquiry into the terrestrial effects of solar activity and recommendine ita aban- donment in favor of purely physics-oriented research
(E) outlinine the specific reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solved and faulting the overly theoretical approach of modern physicists.
18. Which of th.e following statements about the two models of solar activity. as they are described in lines 37-55, is accurate?
(A) In both modgls cyclical solar activity is regarded as a long-lived feature of the Sun, persisting with little change over billions of years.
(B) Tn both models the solar-activity cycle is hypothesized as being dependent on the large-scale solar magnetic field.
(C) Tn one model the Sun's magnetic fieid is thought to play a role in causing solar activity, whereas in the other model it is not.
(D) In one model solar activity is presumed to be unrelated to terrestrial phenomena. whereas in the other model solar activity is thought to have observable effects on the Earth.
(E) In one model cycles of solar activity with periodicities longer than a few decades are con- sidered to be impossible, whereas in the other model such cycles are predicted.
19. According to the passage, late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records are important for which of the following reasons?
(A) They suggest that the data on which the Maunder minimum was predicated were incorrect.
(B) They syggest that the Maunder minimum can not be related to climate.
(C) Thcy suggest that the Maunder minimum might be valid only for Europe.
(D) They establish the existence of a span of unusually cold weather worldwide at the time of the Maunder minimum.
(E) They establish that solar activity at the tirne of the Maunder minimum did not significantly vary from its present pattern.
20. The author implies which of the followine about currently available geological and archaeoloeical evidence concerning the solar-activity cycle?
(A) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 37-45.
(B) It best supports the model of solar activity described in lines 45-52.
(C) It is insufficient to confirtn either model of solar activity described in the third paragraph.
(D) It contradicts both models of solar activity as they are presented in the third paragraph.
(E) It disproves the theory that terrestrial weather and solar activitv are linked in some way.
21. Tt can be inferred from the passage that the argu- ment in favor of the model described in lines 37- 45 would be strengthened if which of the following were found at the time?
(A) Episodes of intense volcanic eruptions in the distant past occurred in cycles having very long periodicities.
(B) At the present time the global level of thunderstorm activity increases and decreases in cycles with periodicities of approximately 11 years.
(C) In the distant past cyclical climatic changes had periodicities of longer than 200 years.
(D) In the last century the length of the sunspot cycle has been known to vary by as much as 2 years from its average periodicity of 11 years.
(E) Hundreds of millions of years ago, solaractivity cycles displayed the same periodicities as do presentday solaractivity cycles.
22. lt can be inferred from the passage that Chinese observations of the Sun during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
(A) are ambiguous because most sunspots cannot be seen with the naked eye
(B) probably were made under the same weather conditions as those made in Europe
(C) are more reliable than European observations made during this period
(D) record some sunspot activity during this period
(E) have been employed by scientists seeking to argue that a change in solar activity occurred during this period.
23. It can be inferred from the passage that studies attempting to use tree-ring thickness to locate possible links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate are based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) The solaractivity cycle existed in its present form during the time period in which the tree rings erew.
(B) The biological mechanisms causing tree growth are unaffected by shortterm weather patterns.
(C) Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species.
(D) Tree-ring thicknesses reflecr changes in terrestrial climate.
(E) Both terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle randomly af~ct tree-ring thickness.
The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a ianguage calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick,no, not John's, but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.
24. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) analyze an interesting feature of the English language
(B) refute a belief held by some linguists
(C) show that economic theory is relevant to linguistic study
(D) iilustrate the confusion that can result from the improper use of language
(E) suggest a way in which languages can be made more nearly perfect.
25. The misunderstanding presented by the author in lines 13-14 is similar to which of the following?
I. X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y thinks that X is referring to one person only.
II. X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example,.but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception".
III. X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarried man:' but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means "unmarried woman."
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) IIand IIIonly
26. In presenting the argument, the author does all of the following EXCEPT
(A) give an example
(B) draw a conclusion
(C) make a generalization
(D) make a comparison
(E) present a paradox 27.
Which of the following contributes to the misunderstanding described by the author in lines 13-14 ?
(A) It is unclear whom the speaker of the sentence is addressing.
(B) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the first time it is used.
(C) It is unclear to whom the word "his" refers the second time it is used.
(D) The meaning of "took" is ambiguous.
(E) It is unclear to whom "He" refers.
Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine siiadtj of meaning, be sun tc, consider at the choices before deciding which one is best.
28. FALLACY:
(A) personal philosophy
(B) imaginative idea
(C) unconfirmed theory
(D) tentative opinion
(E) valid argument
29. DIVULGE:
(A) keep secret
(B) evaluate by oneself
(C) refine
(D) restore
(E) copy
30. BOYCOTT:
(A) extort
(B) underwrite
(C) underbid
(D) stipulate
(E) patronize
31. ADULTERATION:
(A) consternation
(B) purification
(C) normalization
(D) approximation
(E) rejuvenation
32. DEPOSlTlON:
(A) process of congealing
(B) process of distilling
(C) process of eroding
(D) process of evolving
(E) proeess of condensing
33. ENERVATE:
(A) recuperate
(B) resurrect
(C) renovate
(D) gather
(E)strengthen
34. LOQUACIOUS:
(A) tranquil
(B) skeptical
(C) morose
(D) taciturn
(E) witty
35. REPINE:
(A) intensify
(B) excuse
(C) expressjoy
(D) feelsure
(E) rushforward
36. VENERATION:
(A) derision
(B) blame
(C) avoidance
(D) ostracism
(E) defiance
37. UNDERMINE:
(A) submerge
(B) public
(C) satisfatory
(D) trustworthy
(E) sophisticated
38. UNDERMINE:
(A) submerge
(B) supersede
(C) overhaul
(D) undergird
(E) intersperse
SECTION 2 Time--30minutes
25 Questions
Question 1--7
In a game,exactly six inverted cups stand side by side in a straight line, and each has exactly one ball hidden under it.The cups are numbered consecutively 1 through 6. Each of the balls is painted a single solid color.The colors of the balls are green, magenta, orange, purple,red,and yellow.The balls have been hidden ynder the cups in a manner that conforms to the folowing conditions: The purple ball must be hidden under a lower-numbered cup than the orange ball. The red ball must be hidden under a cup immediately adjacent to the cup under which the magenta ball is hidden. The green ball must be hidden under cup 5.
1.Which of the following could be color of the balls under the cups,in order from 1 through 6?
(A) Green,yellow,magenta,red,purple,orange
(B) Magenta,green,purple,red,orange,yellow
(C) Magenta,red,purple,yellow,green,orange
(D) Red,Purple,magenta,yellow,green,orange
(E) Red,purple,magenta,yellow,green,orange
2.If the magenta ball is under cup 4, the red ball must be under cup
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
3.A ball of which of following colors could be under cup 6?
(A) Green
(B) Magenta
(C) Purple
(D) Red
(E) Yellow
4.If the purple ball is under cup 4,the orange ball must be under cup
(A)1
(B)2
(C)3
(D)5
(E)6
5.Which of the following must be true?
(A)The green ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the green ball.
(B)The orange ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the green ball.
(C)The purple ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the green ball.
(D)The purple ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the red ball.
(E)The red ball is under a lower-numbered cup than the yellow ball.
6.If the orange ball is under cup 2,balls of which of the following colors could be under cups immediately adjacent to each other?
(A)Green and magenta
(B)Green and purple
(C)Orange and yellow
(D)Purple andred
(E)Red and yellow
7.If the magenta ball is under cup 1,balls of which of the following colors must be under cups immediately adjacent to each other?
(A)Green and orange
(B)Green and yellow
(C)Purple and red
(D)Purple and yellow
(E)Red and yellow
8.The company should not be held responsible for failing to correct the control- panel problem that caused the accident.Although the problem had been mentioned earlier in a safety inspector's report,companies receive hundreds of reports of such problem,and Industry Standard No.42 requires action on those problem only when an accident is foreseeable. If the second sentence in the paragraph above is factually correct,the answer to which of the following questions is most relevant in helping to determine whether or not the company violated Industry Standard No.42 when it failed to correct the control-panel problem?
(A)Was the accident serious?
(B)Was the control-panel problem of a type that is known to incident that an accident is likely?
(C)Since the accident,has the company done a special safety check on all control panels?
(D)Did the safety inspector mention more than one problem in the same report?
(E)How long was the control panel in use before the problem was discovered?
9.Riothamus,a fifth-century king of the Britons,was betrayed by an associate, fought bravely against the Goths but was defeated,and disappeared mysteriously. Riothamus,match almost exactly those attributed to King Arthur.Therefore,Riothamus must be thehistorical model for the legendary King Arthur. The argument above requires at least one additional premise.Which of the following could be such a required premise?
(A)Modern historians have documented the activities of Riothamus better than those of any other fifth-century king.
(B)The stories told about King Arthur are not strictly fictitious but are based on a historical person and historical events.
(C)Riothamus' associates were the authors of the original legends about King Arthur.
(D)Legents about the fifth century usually embellish and romanticize the actual conditions of the livesof fifth- century nobility.
(E)Posterity usually remembers legends better than it remembers the actual historical events on which they are based.
10.A worldwide banon the production of certain ozone-destroying chemicals would provide only an illusion of protection.Quantities of such chemicals,already produced,exist as coolants in millions of refrigerators.When they reach the ozone layer in the atmosphere,their action cannot be halted.So there is no way to prevent these chemicals from damaging the ozonelayer further. Which of the following, if true,most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A)It is impossible to measure with accuracy the quantity of ozone-destroying chemicals that exist as coolants in refrigerators.
(B)In modern societies,refrigeration of food is necessary to prevent unhealthy and potentially life-threatening conditions.
(C)Replacement chemicals that will not destroy ozone have not yet been developed and would be more expensive than the chemicals now used as coolants in refrigerators.
(D)Even if people should give up the use of refrigeration,the coolants already in existing refrigerators are a threat to atmospheric ozone.
(E)The coolants in refrigerator can be fully recovered at the end of the useful life of the refrigerators and reused.
Question 11--15
A government is assigning each of six embassy office workers --Farr,Golden,Hayakawa, Inserra,Jones,and Kovacs--to embassies.There are four embassies.Embassies L and M are located in countries with dry climates,whereas embassiesP and T are located in countries with humid climates.The office workers must be assigned according to the following rules: Each embassy must have at least one of the workers assigned to it. At least one embassy in a humid climate must haveat least two workers assigned to it. Golden cannot be assigned to the same embassy as Kovacs. Inserra must be assigned t an embassy in a dry climates. Jones must be assigned to an embassy in a humid climate.
11.Which of the followingis an acceptable assignment of the workers to the embassies? L M P T
(A)Farr,Golden Inserra,Kovacs Hayakawa Jones
(B)Golden,Kovacs Inserra Jones Farr,Hayakawa
(C)Golden Farr,Inserra Kovacs Jones,Hayakawa
(D)Jones Golden, Inserra Hayakawa Farr,Kovacs
(E)Kovacs Farr,Hayakawa Inserra Golden,Jones
12.Which of the following must be assigned either to embassy L or to embassy M?
(A)Farr
(B)Golden
(C)Hayakawa
(D)Inserra
(E)Kovacs
13.Which of the following CANNOT be true?
(A)One worker is assigned to L.
(B)Two workers is assigned to P.
(C)Two workers are assigned to L.
(D)Three workers are assigned to M.
(E)Three workers are assigned to T.
14.If Golden and Kovacs are assigned to L and M,respectively,which of the following must be true?
(A)Farr is assigned to either P or T.
(B)Inserra is assigned to either P or T.
(C)P and T each have two workers assigned to them.
(D)Hayakawa is assigned to L.
(E)Hayakawa is assigned to T.
15.If Golden,Hayakawa,and Kovacs are among the workers assigned to embassies in humid climayes,which of the following must be true?
(A)Farr is assigned to an embassy to which none of the other five office workers is assigned.
(B)Golden is assigned to an embassy to which none of the other five office workers is assigned.
(C)Jones is assigned to the same embassy as Golden.
(D)Hayakawa is assigned to the same embassy as Golden.
(E)Hayakawa is assigned to the same embassy as Kovacs.
Question 16--19
A volunteer uses a truck to pick up donations of unsold food and clothing from stores and to deliver them to locations where they can be distributed.He drives only along a certain network of roads. In the network there are two-way roads connecting each of the following pairs of points: 1 with 2,1 with 3,1 with 5,2 with 6,3 with 7,5 with 6,and 6 with 7.There are also one-way roads going from 2 to 4,from 3 to2,and from 4 to 3.There are no other roads in the network, and the roads in the network do not intersect. To make a trip involving pickups and deliverirs,the volunteer always takes a route that for the whole trip passes through the fewest of the points 1 through 7,counting a point twice if the volunteer passes through it twice. The volunteer's home is at point 3.Donations canbe picked up at a supermarket at point 1, a clothing store at point 5,and a bakery at point 4.Deliveries can be made as needed to a tutoring center at point 2,a distribution center at point 6,and a shelter at point 7.
16.If the volunteer starts at the supermarket and next is to go to the shelter, the first intermediate point his rpute passes through must be
(A)2
(B)3
(C)5
(D)6
(E)7
17.If,starting from home,the volunteer next is to make pickups for the shelter at the supermarket and the bakery(in either order),the first two intermediate points on his route, beginning with the first,must be
(A)1 and 2
(B)1 and 3
(C)2 and 1
(D)2 and 4
(E)4 and 2
18.If,starting from the clothing store,the volunteer next is to pick up bread at either the supermarket or the bakery(whichever stop makes his route go through the fewest of the points)and then is to go to the shelter,the first two points he reaches afterthe clothing store,beginning with the first,must be
(A)1 and 2
(B)1 and 3
(C)4 and 2
(D)6 and 2
(E)6 and 4
19.If the volunteer is to make a trip starting at the shelter,next going to the bakery for a pickup,and then ending at the distribution center,the first two intermediate points on his route,beginning with the first,can be
(A)3 and 1
(B)3 and 4
(C)4 and 2
(D)6 and 2
(E)6 and 5
Question 20--22
A developer is planning to build a housing complex on an empty tract of land.Exactly seven different styles of houses --Q,R,S,T,W,X,and Z--will bebuild in the complex.The complex will contain several blocks,and the developer plans to put houses of at least three different styles on each block.The developer will build the complex according to the following rules: Any block that has style Z on it must also have style W on it. Any block adjacent to one that has on it both style S and style X must have on it style Tand style Z. No block adjacent to one that has on it both style R and style Z can have on it either style T or style W. No block can have on it both style S and style Q.
20.Which of the following can be the complete selection of house style on a block?
(A)Q,R,S
(B)Q,S,X
(C)R,T,Z
(D)S,W,Z
(E)T,X,Z
21.Which of the following can be the complete selection of house style on a block?
(A)Q
(B)R
(C)S
(D)W
(E)X
22.Which of the following can be the complete selection of house style for a block that is adjacent to exactly one block,if that one block has on it style S,T, W,and X only?
(A)S,T,and X
(B)T,X,and Z
(C)R,S,X,and Z
(D)S,T,W,and X
(E)T,W,X,and Z
23.When an osprey(a fish-eating hawk) returna from fishing to its nesting area with a fish like an alewife, a pollack,or a smelt,other ospreys will retrace its flight path in hopes of good fishing.There is seldom such a response if the first bird brings back a winter flounder.Yet ospreys feed on winter flounder just as ready as od any other fish. Which of the following,if true,contributes most to an explanation of the fishing behavior of ospreys as it is described above?
(A)Ospreys are seldom able to catch alewives,pollack,or smelt.
(B)Alewives,pollack,and smalt move in schools,but winter flounder do not.
(C)Winter flounder prefer shallower waters than do alewives,pollack,or smelt.
(D)Winter flounder prefer and pollack exhibit protective coloration,but alewives and smelt do not.
(E)Ospreys that live in nesting area are especially successful fishers.
24.A recent study of an insurance company's underwriters indicate that those who worked in pleasant physical surroundings were 25 percent more productive thantheir peers in unpleasant physical surroundings.Objective criteria for evaluating job performance included caseload and complexity of cases.This shows that improving workers' enviroments increases those workers'productivity. Which of the following,if true,most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A)On average,less-productive employees spend no fewer hours per day at their workstations thando their more-productive peers.
(B)Unpleasant surroundings give employees less motivation to work hard than more pleasant surroundings do.
(C)The more-productive employees are generally rewarded with pleasant office space.
(D)More-productive employees do not work any more hours than their less-productive peers.
(E)Peer pressure discourages employees in crowed,unpleasant surroundings from making phone calls to their own family members during work time.
25.In a certain country,individual tend to change their political affiliation readily from one political party to another.In the past the Union party grew larger because of this tendency,but although most of those who change to a new party affiliation change to the Union party, the Union party has remained about the same size in recent years. Which of the following,if true,best helps to explain the change in the growth pattern of the Union party mentioned above?
(A)The economy has been prospering recently,and many of those who change party affiliation are upwardly mobile and properous.
(B)In recent yeas those who were previously nonaffiliated have tended to join the Union party if they joined any party at all.
(C)The percentage of voting-age citizens who change political party affiliation each year has remained constant,and the number of voting-age citizens has remained the same.
(D)The percentage of voting-age citizens who are affiliated with any political party has increased over the last ten years.
(E)Many members of the Unipn party have abandoned all political party affiliation in recent years.
