08年高考英语语法辅导——倒装句二

来源:     时间:2008-04-07     浏览量:232
  “作状语的介词短语放于句首引起的倒装句”的基本用法
  有时为了强调而将作状语的介词短语放在句首,而将主语放到句末从而形成倒装,这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词: come, lie, stand, walk,且为全部倒装的形式。例如: Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer.大树下坐着一个老农夫。// Along the dusty road came a group of tourists.一群游客沿着尘土飞扬的路走来。// In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.在远处,可见到紫红色的群山。
  采用这样的倒装形式有时也是出于全句平衡的考虑: 当主语较长时, 为了使句子平衡, 常以作状语的介词短语开头。例如: On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调, 它们会被船运到其他城市去。
  [考题1] Just in front of our house ____ with a history of 1,000 years. (2006上海春)
  A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
  C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
  [答案] B
  [解析]状语前置引起全部倒装,主语a tall tree要完全放于谓语stands之后。
  [考题2] At the foot of the mountain ____. (2006四川)
  A. a village lie B. lies a village
  C. does a village lie D. lying a village
  [答案] B
  [解析]状语前置引起全部倒装,主语a village要完全放于谓语lies之后。
  [考题3] In the dark forests ____, some large enough to hold several English towns. (2005辽宁)
  A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
  C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
  [答案] B
  [解析]状语前置引起全部倒装,主语many lakes要完全放于谓语lies(stand通常不与lake连用表示“存在”)之后。
  “结果状语从句对应的so/such位于句首引起的倒装句”的基本用法
  当“so/such ... that ...”结构中的so, such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时, 主句要进行倒装(that后面的结果状语从句不倒装)。例如: So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. 他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。(so与作表语的形容词放于句首, 主句呈现全部倒装的形式) // So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得如此快, 以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语run的副词fast放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式) // To such an extent do the parents love their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his. 父母俩爱子爱到了如此程度, 以至于尽量满足他的任何要求。(to such放于句首, 主句呈现部分倒装的形式)
  [考题1] So difficult ____ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006广东)
  A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
  [答案] B
  [解析] so difficult放于句首要引起主句的倒装,结果状语从句中的“I decided to ask Tom for advice”表明整句话是针对过去的(不强调与现在的关联),不宜用现在完成时而应采用一般过去时,因此本题应选B。
  [考题2] ____ homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. (2006福建)
  A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little
  [答案] A
  [解析]结果状语从句中的“we had no time to take a rest”意味着休息时间很少,应先排除选项C、 D,又由于放于句首的表语too much不能引起倒装,而且意思上也难以与全句融合,所以进一步排除B。
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